September 16, 2016 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/OttomanEmpireIn1683-190x179.png

The inexorable Ottoman march continued with their execution of King Stjepan Tomasevic of Bosnia in 1463 and the conquest of Albania by 1468. The Croatians held on a bit longer conceding some of their territory when much of their nobility …

September 16, 2016 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Umayyad750ADloc-190x116.png

By the end of the previous essay, I’d broadly covered the wall of time from a few centuries BCE until about the middle of the 11th century and, I hope, painted a mural that, while lacking in detail, provided a …

September 14, 2016 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Balkan_topo_en-190x173.jpg

In my 2015 journal from Scandinavia, I expressed surprise at the impact events in those three Nordic countries had on so much of European and, by extension, American history. Well, you can’t understand the Balkans without knowing its history. And …