May 14, 2019 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/DSCN2570-190x143.jpg

And concurrent with Tiwanaku there was Moche, Huari, and Nazca. Before all of them there was Chavín. And before Chavín was the Caral-Supe. And this is an abbreviated list as these are just a few of the cultures that populated …

May 10, 2019 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Presidentes_del_Perú_y_Bolivia_inauguran_Encuentro_Presidencial_y_III_Gabinete_Binacional_Perú-Bolivia_36962597345_cropped-142x190.jpg

Coca leaves in the 21st century. Recall that soon after Evo Morales was elected as the country’s first indigenous president, Bolivia adopted a new Constitution in 2009. This is Article 384: The State shall protect native and ancestral coca as …

May 10, 2019 https://gruncleodd.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/CocaTea-from-CuscoEata-190x163.jpg

Sixteenth century lobbyists. The so-called coca problem was formally addressed in the Councils of Lima in 1552 and 1569. Two groups pressed for either the complete elimination or at least the limitation of coca use in the First Council of …